Essay Sustainable Land Management in Latin America

Sustainable Land Management in Latin America â€Å"The enthusiastic celebration of indigenous skills can be the basis of alternative strategies of development.† – W.M. Adams Introduction The sustainability of land management practices in developing countries is in question currently as a way to address poverty. Yet, this investigation is often done with the assumption that people in developing countries are acting irresponsibly and their behavior must be corrected by more enlightened conservationists from North America , Europe , and northern Asia . An analysis of the history of different land management practices shows that environmental degradation was often the result of colonial disruption of indigenous peoples. In the 1990†¦show more content†¦Each of these practices served as building blocks in constructing civilizations. Fire is one of the earliest-used and most universal human tools for land management. Fire was used by the hominid Homo erectus as early as 790,000 years ago, according to recent research in Israel (Rincon, 2004). Early Homosapiens, or humans, in eastern Africa used prescribed burning to encourage the re-growth of grasses and trees. Altering landscapes in differing degrees depending upon intensity, â€Å"the setting of fires is one of humankind’s most potent tools for effecting landscape and environmental change† (Horn, 1998). Prescribed burning can be used to prevent larger fires by removing smaller fuel, improve grazing areas, and encourage regeneration of trees and shrubs by making seedbeds (Ffolliott et al., 2001). This practice, whether developed indigenously or brought to the western hemisphere with the first peoples to migrate from Siberia , was used by the ancestors of Latin American peoples. In the area that is now Chirripà ³ National Park in Costa Rica people have used prescribed burns as a land management practice for thousands of years, shaping the landscape to their needs. The park, set on a mountain range, has a pà ¡ramo, or tropical alpine climate, which includes both treeless areas and montane forests. Fires started by humans since prehistoric times, up to when the glaciers receded 10,000 years ago, have helped to adapt the treeless areas of vegetation,Show MoreRelated Afro-descendants in Latin America Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesThere are currently 150 million Afro-descendants in Latin America who make up nearly 30 percent of the region’s population (Congressional Research Service, 2005). Out of the fifteen Latin American nations that have recently adapted some sort of multicultural reform, only three give recognize Afro-Latino communities and give them the same rights as indigenous groups (Hooker, 2005). Indigenous groups are more successful than a fro-descendent groups in gaining collective rights and development aid fromRead MoreThe Sustainable Development Is Defined By The Brundtland Report Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction/Background Sustainable development is defined by the Brundtland Report as â€Å"development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs. (World Commission on Environment and Development). The Gross National Product (GNP) measures the economic activities and production of every country. As the GNP of a country tends to rise so does its resource consumption. Industrialized nations consume more energy per capita thanRead MoreEssay about Farming The Tambopata Reserve 1078 Words   |  5 Pagesregions of Latin America. The area is home to undernourished children, lack of secure work and education. There is an imperative need not just for Tambopata, but all of Peru to increase its economy and enable the access of basic needs to its citizens. While the area of Tambopata has many arguments for its potential use, sustainable soybean cultivation is the best approach to improve Peruvian infrastructure, economy and future preservation of natural areas. There are many potential land uses forRead MoreThe International Tropical Timber Agreement1252 Words   |  6 Pagesagreement and cooperation towards the ‘management, conservation, and sustainable development of all types of forests’ (United Nations, 1994), located between the Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer (United Nations, 1994). The participants were classified into timber producers and consumers. (Stevenson, 2006) The majority of which were developing nations in Latin America, Africa and Asia (Stevenson, 2006). The remaining producers included developed nations in North America and Europe (Brown Weiss, 1998). TogetherRead Morehow globalization and environmental sustainability influence strategic management14776 Words   |  60 Pagesenvironmental management and sustainability in the region associated with globalization, recognizing that the main channels through which globalization affects the environment are shifts in trade, investment and technology flows. It identifies the new challenges for international cooperation that stem from the recognition of this increased environmental interdependence among countries. 259 PART II: REGIONAL OUTLOOK The new and shifting imperatives of global environmental management were broughtRead MoreVenezuela Food Security Speech : World Vision1225 Words   |  5 Pagesthe community to reduce food insecurity. I’ve investigated the challenges that have led to food insecurity in Venezuela and evaluated two possible methods for food security to be improved. Venezuela is located in Northern country of South America and has a total area of 916 445 square kilometres and has a moderate. Rainfall varies between 430 millimetres in the north and over 1000millimetres in the Amazon jungle to the south (Countrystudies, 2014). The estimated population is approximatelyRead MoreProblems Associated With Food Shortages1397 Words   |  6 Pagessubstantial food is produced to relevantly feed everyone, although this food and the technological advances to produce it might not continually reach those in need. As a result of food shortages, nearly one thousand million people do not get a sustainable amount of food to eat and over four hundred million are starving. Every year nearly eleven million children under the age of seven die from hunger-related diseases (Lean, Hinrichsen and Markham, 1990). In recent years there has been impressiveRead MoreThe Rural Development Institute ( Rdi )912 Words   |  4 PagesThe Rural Development Institute (RDI) was first conceived in 1966 when an article about Pacific land reform was brought to the attention of Roy Prosterman by one of his students. The article argued that an effective way for land reform to happen in Latin America was through confiscation and redistribution. Prosterman disagreed with the approach and wrote a rebuttal to the article emphasizing democratic markets and stating that compensation must be given during the process of acquisition (ProstermanRead MoreA Brief Note On Sustainable Cities And Communities Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pages Annette Johnson Committee 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities Honduras Position Paper Part 1 History of sustainability within communities Poverty has become one of the main conflicts of creating international sustainability. About 44 million in total of the extremely poor occupy Latin America, the Caribbean, Eastern Europe and Central Asia. In 2012 it was recorded that over 77.8 percent of the impecunious population lived in South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, in addition to the 147 millionRead MoreWhy Cities Need Strategic Planning Essay1061 Words   |  5 Pagesspecific goals, investigate strengths and examine weaknesses. Derived those functions, it will be argued that cities need strategic planning because it is a helpful tool for building consensus on future urban model, an effective mechanism to administer land development as well as an important instrument to promote progressive forms of governance. The concept of strategic planning is treated differently by urban planners and a researcher in history is because it was not originally intended to be used

Dna Testing And Law Enforcement Officers Essay - 1825 Words

DNA forensics is a division of forensic science that focuses on the use of genetic material in criminal investigation to answer questions pertaining to legal situations, including criminal and civil cases. Through DNA testing, law enforcement officers are able to identify human remains or the individual responsible for a crime. DNA testing is a highly advanced scientific process that involves replicating the human DNA sequence to create a genetic map of an individual. Because of its reliability, DNA testing has become a significant factor in criminal cases. However, it has also been identified as having the potential to violate privacy and constitutional rights. The DNA identification process consists of five stages. These five stages include isolation, quantification, polymerase chain reaction, short tandem polymerase chain reaction, and interpretation. Isolation refers to the extraction of DNA from the nucleus of tissue cells. After extraction, scientists quantify the DNA sample by ensuring that it is at least one billionth of a gram in size. If the sample is smaller the isolation process must be repeated. Next, through polymerase chain reaction, the single strand of DNA is split down the middle into two pieces and replicated to create a larger sample. Next, through short tandem polymerase chain reaction, smaller sections of the DNA sequence are replicated. This allows scientists to interpret the DNA and create a genetic profile of the individual from whom the original DNAShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Science By Law Enforcement1653 Words   |  7 Pagesscience, and engineering to matters of law,† (2014). The emphasis here is the use of technology and science by law enforcement officers and agencies and is accepted and recognized by the criminal justice system. It is seen as scientific technology or Criminalistics, (Dempsey Forst, 2013). While technology plays a role in this, it is most recognized by the use of science by law enforcement and allowing scientific information to be admissible in the court of law. For this reason, forensic science isRead MoreTechnology And The Field Of Criminal Justice Essay1321 Words   |  6 Pagesbareback to driving armored cars. These advances along with many others have almost completely changed how things are handled in all aspects of the law. Technology is the persistent application of information in the design, production and use of goods and services, and in the organization of human activities. Criminal Justice is the system of law enforcement, involving police, lawyers, courts, and corrections, used for all phases of criminal procedures and penalty. As technology is used in the organizationRead MoreForensic Databases Have Grown With Our Advancements In869 Words   |  4 Pagesgrown with our advancements in technology that law enforcement uses a forensic DNA database that uses a method called, familial matching. Familial DNA searching looks for partial matches that can not only match the suspect’s DNA, but the suspect’s family line. This is unlike the typical DNA database that law enforcement has used for years. For that DNA database makes an exact match between the suspect of the crime and his or her DNA sample. Familial DNA searches have been found to be beneficial toRead MoreHow Catch A Criminal : Ins truments And Techniques Used For Investigations1651 Words   |  7 Pageslike CSI, Criminal Minds and Law and Order and how they depict the life of Criminal Investigators. They are young, independent, living somewhere on Paradise Island and in their spare time, when not hanging on a beach with a Pina Colada, they get a call about a case needing to be solved immediately. Which they do, by themselves and everyone high fives them. After studying Criminal Justice for a couple of years and growing up in a family full of Law Enforcement officers, I can assure you that realityRead MorePreventing Wrongful Convictions Essay1103 Words   |  5 PagesEvery time an innocent person is exonerated based on DNA testing, law enforcement agencies look at what caused the wrongful convictions. There are many issues that contribute to putting guiltless lives behind bars including: eyewitness misidentification, false confessions, imperfect forensic science, and more (Gould and Leo 18). When a witness i s taken into a police station to identify a suspect, it is easy for their memories to be blurred and their judgment influenced. This can lead the witnessRead MoreThe Case Of Maryland V King1670 Words   |  7 Pagesexplicitly related to the legality of DNA collection of individuals early in the booking process for serious crimes. In a 5-4 decision, the Supreme Court ruled that pre-conviction DNA collection of those arrested for serious crimes is constitutional and does not violate the Fourth Amendment; a decision that will forever change the way DNA testing is used by the judicial system. This decision in favor of Maryland on the constitutionality of pre-conviction DNA testing was a result of the conclusions ofRead MoreThe Central Park Five1248 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Crime, deviance, and unethical conduct can found within almost every occupation and profession. Police ethics is the conduct that everyone is most concerned with. Police officers enter into an occupation that shares many characteristics of other career fields, but it also has unique responsibilities that deal with conduct and behavior. The PBS documentary: The Central Park Five, demonstrates two of the most common misconduct issues that the criminal justice professionals deal with nobleRead MoreThe Evolution of Warrantless Searches With Alcohol, Blood, And DNA With the creation of the2200 Words   |  9 Pages The Evolution of Warrantless Searches With Alcohol, Blood, And DNA With the creation of the First Congress, framers manifested the Fourth Amendment to provide sufficient privacy standards for the citizens of the United States of America. Framers upheld the 4th Amendment to sustain a functioning government-governed relationship, where officials respect individuals’ privacy and rights. During the First Congress, framers explicitly granted, â€Å"the right of the people to be secureRead MoreWrongful Convictions Essay Examples1456 Words   |  6 Pagesconvictions have been overturned and as a result of DNA evidence, seventeen people who were wrongfully convicted have been released from death row. The average person spends approximately thirteen years in prison before being exonerated. Over two thousand wrongfully convicted individuals have been exonerated. Wrongful convictions are an important case of social injustice. Every time an innocent person is exonerated based on DNA testing, law enforcement agencies look at what caused the wrongful convictionsRead MoreThe Death Penalty And The Criminal Justice System1475 Words   |  6 Pagesconvictions eyewitness identification, improper DNA testing, and false confessions. The Innocence Project is a project working to free the innocent and bring awareness to the issue of wrongful convictions around the world. In this page reports, that the percentage of exoneration cases are 235 involving eyewitness misidentification (The Innocence Project). Eyewitness misidentification is the highest contributing cause to wrongful convictions proven by DNA testing. There are three types of eyewitness identification

Topographic Map Free Essays

MS 217 Dennis Borzakov Class 723 January 15, 2013 Problem HOW IS A TOPOGRAPHIC MAP MADE Hypothesis I think that to make a topographic map you have to see the form of the object from up top. To do this you need a satellite image. These images are called aerial photographs. We will write a custom essay sample on Topographic Map or any similar topic only for you Order Now Using elevation calculators and ground measures cartographers then make topographic maps. Materials †¢ Clay model landform †¢ Water tinted with food coloring †¢ Transparency †¢ Clear plastic storage box with lid †¢ Beaker †¢ Metric ruler †¢ Tape †¢ Transparency marker Procedure 1. Using the ruler and the transparency marker, make marks up the side of the storage box one centimeter apart. 2. Place the clay model into the storage box. The bottom of the box will be zero elevation. 3. Secure the transparency to the top of the storage box with tape. 4. Using the beaker, pour water into the box to a height of one cm. 5. Use the transparency marker to trace the top of the water line on the transparency. 6. Using the scale 1cm=10m, mark the elevation on the line. 7. Remove the transparency and add water until a depth of 2cm is reached. 8. Map this level on the transparency and record the elevation. . Repeat the process of adding water and tracing until you have the hill mapped on the transparency. 10. Transfer the tracing of the hill onto a white sheet of paper. 11. Use the ruler to transfer the hill from the white sheet of paper to graph paper. Analysis The counter interval of this topographic map is 1cm is equal to 10 m. The distance between contour lines on the map show steepness of a slope on the landform model because the closer the lines are the steeper the hill is, the farther apart the lines are the more the gentle the rising of the hill will be. The elevation of Hill A is 80 meters and the elevation of Hill B is 90 meters. Elevation was presented on the map by the number of counter lines. The one with the most counter lines is the taller one. Conclusion In this experiment we took on the job of a cartographer. We graphed clay model hills to express elevation. We traced images of the forms from the transparency to the white sheet of paper to express the difference in counter lines. How to cite Topographic Map, Papers

My views on Civil Disobedience Essay Example For Students

My views on Civil Disobedience Essay Henry David Thoreau takes his views of government and expresses them through this essay. He starts off by saying I heartily accept the motto, That government is best which governs least' I disagree with this quote, although, too much power to the government is never a good thing either. With no government people are free to do what they want, and there would be no direct way to communicate with foreign nations. Thoreau says it will work when people are prepared for it, but its not in human nature to be that good willed. Every person has faults and will eventually get the urge to steal something, or hurt somebody. Henry David Thoreau then goes on to talk about how the government can do what they want. He uses the Mexican war as an example, and says that most people would not agree with their decision. Governments show thus how successfully men can be imposed on. I disagree with this quote also because I feel it is one-sided. The American government is a democracy and the people have a great say in what happens. The way Thoreau describes it makes it sound like a dictatorship, where the people have no say, and no rights. He constantly says that the government is expedient. Thoreau thinks that the government does what they want and it is in the best interest for themselves. This is not true because almost everything that may benefit the government, benefits the rest of the nation as well. they would deserve to be classed and punished with those mischievous persons who put obstructions on the railroads. Thoreau thinks the government has done so much wrong that they should be punished the way actual criminals are punished. To me, this seems a little bit harsh because the government never intentionally hurt anybody. .